Frustrated by market volatility over the European debt crisis and uncertain U.S. economic outlook, the so-called smart money—hedge funds—has thrown in the towel for 2011 and pulled out of stocks, according to fund managers, SEC filings and exchange data.

Timothy A. Clary | AFP | Getty Images A concerned trader on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange.

Hedge funds have slashed their exposure to stocks—both on a long and short basis—to the lowest level since 2008, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch analysis of SEC disclosures and NYSE and Nasdaq data.

Their net long exposure to stocks plummeted by more than a third, the biggest drop since 2009, stated the report by analyst Mary Ann Bartels entitled “Hold ‘em and Fold ‘em.”

Ironically, the move by the Wall Street pros may not have come at the best time. A coordinated move by central banks on Wednesday to ease Europe's debt crisis sent global markets soaring and sparked hopes for a year-end rally.

But hedge funds are clearly as worn out by gyrating markets as everyone else.

“The uncertainty coming from the Eurozone has created an environment where almost all asset classes have traded in tandem and fundamental analysis has been almost irrelevant,” said Michael Murphy, CEO of hedge fund Rosecliff Capital. “The very analysis that hedge funds rely on has become secondary to the headlines coming out of Europe on a daily basis.”

Whipsawed by stubborn high unemployment figures and a vicious debt ceiling debate in the U.S. and then a credit crisis cluster bomb in Greece, stocks began to fall apart on the year at the start of August, falling to new lows.

Shares rebounded a bit, only to fall to an even deeper low for the year at the start of October. A rally ensued the rest of that month as investors bet on a successful execution of some sort of European bailout fund.

“The rally in October was a worst case scenario,” added Murphy. “It brought the S&P

.SPX loading...

Quote  |  Chart  |  News  |  Profile

[.SPX  Loading...      ()   ] back to the black for 2011. A lot of funds were extremely hedged or net short due to the global uncertainty.”

This month, stocks have fallen back below breakeven for 2011 as uncertainty over the size of the European bailout grows and a failed bipartisan agreement to cut the U.S. deficit points to more political infighting next year. Wednesday's market rally, fueled by hopes that Europe's debt crisis may not get any worse, has made investing even more confusing.

Hedge funds have paid the price. The HFRX Global Hedge Fund Index—compiled by industry observer Hedge Fund Research—is down 9.9 percent for 2011 through the end of last week. The S&P 500 is still negative on the year—even with Wednesday's rally—and the majority of global markets are the same.

Bartels' research report also showed that hedge funds raised their cash levels to 6.8 percent. They cut their exposure to the financial and industrial sectors by half. These would be among the hardest hit if the Euro falls apart, sparking a financial crisis that grinds global growth to a halt.

Favorite positions among hedge funds were gold

GCCV1 loading...

Quote  |  Chart  |  News  |  Profile

[GCCV1  Loading...      ()   ], Treasurys and sectors with inelastic earnings streams such as pharmaceuticals

XPH loading...

Quote  |  Chart  |  News  |  Profile

[XPH  Loading...      ()   ] and staples

XLY loading...

Quote  |  Chart  |  News  |  Profile

[XLY  Loading...      ()   ], according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

“Volatility plus correlation equals no liquidity,” said Alec Levine, an equity derivatives strategist with Newedge Group SA. “It is very hard to find an economically viable hedge—they become too expensive and eat up too much of your potential return. Welcome to the ‘live to fight another day’ market.”

For hedge funds, that day will be Jan. 1.

For the best market insight, catch 'Fast Money' each night at 5pm ET, and the ‘Halftime Report’ each afternoon at 12:00 ET on CNBC. Follow @CNBCMelloy on Twitter.

______________________________________________________


John Melloy is the Executive Producer of Fast Money. Before joining CNBC, he was an editor for Bloomberg News, overseeing the U.S. Stock Market coverage team. Click here to see his full bio.

______________________________________________________
Got something to say? Send us an e-mail at and your comment might be posted on the Rapid Recap! If you'd prefer to make a comment, but not have it published on our Web site, send your message to .