Many investors spend more time researching their next vacation than the financial professional they're thinking of using — and that can cost them big time.
Fraud complaints have increased by 60 percent in the last five years, according to the Federal Trade Commission.
"The frightening truth about fraud is scammers scam and liars lie," said Gerri Walsh, senior vice president of investor education at the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or Finra, which regulates brokerage firms.
But there are precautions investors should take, according to the regulators whose job it is to catch these scams.
Do a background check
Before you begin working with financial professionals, check their registration records to verify that they are, in fact, licensed, and have not had any egregious complaints lodged against them.
Options include BrokerCheck, which is provided by Finra; Investment Adviser Public Disclosure from the Securities and Exchange Commission; or your state securities administrator.
If the financial professional does not show up in a search, you should think twice about working with him or her, said Lori Schock, director of the SEC's Office of Investor Education and Advocacy.
If someone offers you a guaranteed high rate of return, they're lying. You're probably looking at a fraud.Owen DonleySecurities and Exchange Commission
"Most of the retail-facing fraud that we see is committed by those who are not registered," Schock said. "It is unlicensed people selling unregistered products."
You should also check these records periodically to check up on their financial professional.
"If you have been working with the person for a while…go ahead and take a peek and see what you see," Finra's Walsh said.
Not all disclosures that show up on a professional's or firm's record are a red flag, said Walsh. But they should be a conversation starter.
Know what you're investing in
You should be wary of investments that are overly complicated.
"If a retail investor can't understand the investment, they ought not pursue that opportunity," said Owen Donley, chief counsel at the Office of Investor Education and Advocacy at the SEC.
All the information about the investment, such as through filings made with the SEC, should be readily available. If a financial professional won't make investment paperwork available, that's a "huge red flag," Donley said.
Find out how they get paid
Be sure to ask a number of questions, including "How do I pay you?" and "How do you get paid?" Walsh said.
The answers could include commissions or fees, but there might be some other method for payment, such as a sales contest or a proprietary product particular to that firm.
Use that information to assess whether the firm is a fit for your risk and liquidity needs, Walsh said.
Check your statements
Monthly statements should show any transactions you made, including the amount.
"Especially in down markets, it can be depressing to look at your statements," Walsh said. "But you have to do it. You have to keep tabs."
If you see something you did not authorize, you should call your broker and send a written complaint to the firm. You should also notify the appropriate securities regulator.
Investors should also do periodic checks of securities they own to see that the prices match up with what appears on their statements, Walsh suggested.
Be wary of high-pressure sales tactics
If a promise sounds too good to be true, chances are it is. That particularly goes for offers that require you to act immediately, or success rates that are too good.
"If someone offers you a guaranteed high rate of return, they're lying," said Donley. "You're probably looking at a fraud."
Sales pitches that lead you to believe that the offer is only available for a limited time or restricted to a special group of people should also be a red flag.
And watch for any information that comes with free offers, such as educational seminars that provide lunch or mail offers that include trinkets. Those will make you more likely to respond.
"You have a tendency to believe this person and trust this person," Walsh said. "The one thing we always say about free meals is you don't have to bite on what's being offered."
Hold onto your money until you are sure
If you have any doubt about an investment, check into it before you put your money in.
"The criminals spend the money, so even when we nail them, the money's often gone," said Donley.
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