Ukraine war live updates: Putin's anti-war opponent takes step toward election; Russia says West could meddle in upcoming vote

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) on Wednesday found Russia violated elements of a U.N. anti-terrorism treaty by not investigating financial support for separatist groups in eastern Ukraine in 2014.

However, it stopped short of ordering compensation as requested by Ukraine.

It also declined to rule specifically on alleged Russian responsibility for the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 over eastern Ukraine on July 17, 2014, as Kyiv had asked it to do.

Kyiv brought the case against Moscow over claims that it bankrolled a campaign of terror in eastern Ukraine starting in 2014, following its annexation of Crimea.

— Karen Gilchrist

Russian President Vladimir Putin will travel to NATO-member Turkey next month to meet with his counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Reuters cited a Turkish official as saying Wednesday.

According to the official, the meeting is scheduled for Feb. 12, before Erdogan travels on to Egypt.

Putin's international visits have been curtailed since the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant in March 2023 for his role in deporting Ukrainian children. However, Turkey is not party to the ICC's Rome Statute, meaning it is not under obligation to detain Putin.

— Karen Gilchrist

Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Wednesday that Ukraine used a U.S.-supplied Patriot air defense system to down a military transport plane in the Belgorod region last week, and called for an international investigation into the incident.

Russia previously accused Ukraine of using Western missiles to down the Ilyushin Il-76 plane over the border region, killing 74 people on board, including 65 captured Ukrainian soldiers it said were en route to a prisoner exchange.

"The plane was downed, and it's been definitively established by an American Patriot system — the expert analysis has already established that," Putin said, suggesting that two missiles had been used for the downing.

"We insist that an international investigation be carried out," he added.

Ukraine has neither confirmed nor denied that it downed the plane, and has demanded proof of who was on board.

— Karen Gilchrist

Ukraine and Russia have carried out a prisoner of war (POW) swap, a week after a scheduled prisoner exchange was canceled following the downing of a Russian plane carrying 65 POWs.

"Our people are back. 207 of them," Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said on X, formerly known as Twitter, on Wednesday.

"We return them home no matter what. We remember each Ukrainian in captivity. Both warriors and civilians. We must bring all of them back. We are working on it. The Ukrainian team has done another excellent job. Budanov, Yermak, Usov, Maliuk, and Klymenko. Well done!," the president said, praising the efforts of senior government officials.

Russia's defense ministry confirmed the swap, saying 195 Russian military personnel had been returned, saying the personnel had been "in mortal danger in captivity" without further details. It's likely the comment was an attempt to discredit the conditions within Ukrainian prisoner of war facilities, however.

Russia said that, in exchange, 195 Ukrainian POWs had been exchanged. The discrepancy for the figures cited by both sides was not immediately clear. It's also unknown where or when the latest exchange took place.

In any case, the swap comes just days after a Russian military transport plane carrying 65 Ukrainian POWs, and nine Russians, crashed over the Russian border region of Belgorod.

Russia accused Ukraine of shooting down the plane with Western-provided missiles. Ukraine has not confirmed nor denied it shot down the plane and called for an international investigation into the incident. Russian law enforcement agencies were quoted yesterday by Russian media as saying that black box data suggested that there had been an "external impact" on the plane before it crashed.

— Holly Ellyatt

A Russian teenager was sentenced on Wednesday to eight years in prison after he was convicted of sabotaging a railway track near St Petersburg.

Vyacheslav Zaitsev, 19, admitted his guilt and was also fined, the city's court press service said.

Russian officials have linked pro-Ukrainian sabotage groups with numerous attacks on railways aimed at disrupting supplies to the war front in Ukraine since Moscow's full-scale invasion began nearly two years ago.

Ukraine's domestic spy agency has also been accused of detonating explosives on railway lines inside Russia.

Zaitsev was found to have set fire last March to a railway box housing signalling and communications gear on a stretch of track south of St Petersburg, Russia's second-largest city, with the intent to "undermine the economic security and defense capability of the Russian Federation," the court said.

He acted at the behest of a "handler" whom he met on the Telegram messaging app and who paid him 10,000 rubles in cryptocurrency for committing the crime, according to the court.

Last summer, a military court sentenced a dual Russian-Ukrainian citizen to 22 years for blowing up rail track in southern Russia on the instructions of Ukraine.

— Reuters

Russia's Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu has told military manufacturers to "stop fooling around" when it comes to the ramping up the production of self-propelled artillery systems.

Russian news outlet RBC published a video online showing Shoigu visiting arms-producing factories in the Urals industrial city of Yekaterinburg. During the tour of a manufacturing facility, Shoigu reportedly chides the management for not producing enough self-propelled artillery.

"Listen, stop fooling around here, guys. We got busy with this in 2022. We should have had these machines operating at full capacity in 2023," he told the plant's bosses, in comments translated by Reuters.

"I'd like to receive within a week a specific proposal on how we'll reach the indicators set by the president [Vladimir Putin] ... this must be done, because all these orders are connected with the performance of very specific work on the battlefield," he said.

The director reportedly responded that the factory had already increased production six-fold in the last two years.

The comments illustrate Russia's determination to increase weapons and ammunition production, two years into its so-called "special military operation" in Ukraine.

Moscow has called upon the country's domestic military industrial complex to dramatically increase its manufacturing of a variety of combat hardware, from drones and tanks to artillery and military vehicles. Russia's biggest weapons producer reportedly said last fall that Russia had ramped up the production of some military hardware by more than tenfold to supply Russian forces in Ukraine.

Western nations are also striving to increase weapons production in order to maintain the supply of arms to Ukraine.

— Holly Ellyatt

Russian anti-war candidate Boris Nadezhdin said on Wednesday he had submitted 105,000 signatures in his support to the Central Election Commission (CEC) to underpin his bid to challenge Vladimir Putin in an upcoming presidential election.

The CEC will check the authenticity and quality of the signatures submitted by Nadezhdin and other would-be candidates and announce next month who will join Putin on the ballot paper.

Putin's victory is widely seen as a foregone conclusion, but Nadezhdin has surprised some observers with trenchant criticism of what the Kremlin calls its "special military operation" in Ukraine.

After a series of heating outages across Russia during an unusually cold winter, Nadezhdin said earlier this month that the country would be able to afford to spend more on its citizens if it was not pouring so much money into the military.

As a candidate nominated by a political party, he needed to gather 100,000 signatures across at least 40 regions in order to stand in the March 15-17 election.

Putin, who has chosen to run as an independent rather than as the candidate of the ruling United Russia party, needs 300,000 signatures but has already collected over 3.5 million, according to his supporters.

— Reuters

Ukraine needs more ammunition to redress an imbalance with Russia, the EU's foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said Wednesday.

"Ukraine needs more ammunition, there is a big imbalance in the fire[power] capacity between one side and the other," Borrell told reporters ahead of an informal meeting of EU defense ministers in Brussels. "These gaps have to be filled," he said.

The meeting Wednesday is aimed at looking at where EU members are in terms of supplies of ammunition for Ukraine. Ukraine's defense minister will join the meeting via video call.

The EU promised last year that it would supply Ukraine with 1 million artillery shells by March 2024. By the end of November, Ukraine said it had received 300,000 of the ammunition promised.

Borrell added that "we need to clearly understand where we are in terms of providing munitions ... to know where we are now, where we will be by March and by the end of the year," he said.

— Holly Ellyatt

Ukraine's air defenses shot down 14 out of 20 drones launched by Russia in an overnight attack that injured one person and damaged commercial buildings, the military said on Wednesday.

The Air Force said in a statement the Iranian-made Shahed drones and also three Iskander missiles targeted five Ukrainian regions in the south and the east.

The southern military command said one person was injured and agricultural warehouses and a shop were damaged in the Mykolayiv region where five drones were shot down.

Details on damage in other regions were not immediately available.

— Reuters

A top official in Russia's Security Council has claimed the West could try to disrupt Russia's domestic politics ahead of upcoming presidential elections in Russia.

"We believe that what is happening now is not the limit. On the eve of the Russian presidential elections, the West will make a special effort to try to shake up the internal political situation in our country," Nail Mukhitov, the assistant to the secretary of Russia's Security Council, told the Tass news agency in an interview published Wednesday.

Mukhitov did not provide any further detail on what he believed the West might do to disrupt the presidential election on March 15-17, nor did he present any evidence for his claim, but he said "the futility of these attempts is obvious." 

"The West lost the hybrid war against Russia. We did not break under the sanctions, we did not allow ourselves to be deceived by fables about a beautiful and prosperous life in Europe and America. We did not succumb to the provocations of the American and British intelligence services, which incited interethnic and interreligious hatred," Mukhitov said, repeating Russian claims that Western nations had incited recent anti-Jewish unrest in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The White House previously described those allegations as "absurd."

Russia has been frequently accused of attempting to interfere with, and influence, the democratic processes of other countries, particularly those in the West. It has always denied allegations of interference.

Mukhitov said the Russian people appreciated a sense of "freedom" that was different to that in the West.

"A desire for freedom helps, but in our understanding, not in the Western one. Freedom in the American way is impunity and permissiveness, unlimited interference in the lives of entire peoples and states. Freedom in Russian is the independence and territorial integrity of the state, the preservation of its history, culture, traditions, spirituality and ensuring national security," Mukhitov said.

— Holly Ellyatt

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is reportedly preparing to replace army chief Valeriy Zaluzhnyi in what would be the biggest shake-up of the country's military command since Russia's full-scale invasion nearly two years ago.

Zaluzhnyi on Monday refused Zelenskyy's offer of a new role, the Financial Times reported Tuesday, citing four unnamed people familiar with the discussions. They said that Ukraine's president may not oust Zaluzhnyi for some time.

It follows repeated reports of tensions and comes shortly after Ukrainian media said that lawmakers and anonymous Telegram channels had speculated about the possible resignation of Zaluzhnyi.

Ukraine's Defense Ministry on Monday appeared to reject speculation about the army chief's position, saying in Google-translated remarks via Telegram: "Dear journalists, we immediately answer everyone: No, this is not true." It did not provide any further context.

Ukraine's Defense Ministry did not immediately respond to CNBC's request for comment.

— Sam Meredith

Russian nationalist politician Sergey Baburin on Tuesday announced that he is withdrawing his candidacy in Russian presidential elections due to take place on March 15-17 and called on voters to endorse the incumbent, President Vladimir Putin.

Baburin, the leader of the conservative Russian All-People's Union party, pulled out of the race on Tuesday, despite collecting enough public signatures to endorse his candidacy.

"I am glad that after our own verification of signature sheets, 102, 670 voter signatures are ready to be submitted to the Central Election Commission." He added that, in the context of the war against Russia, he accepts "perhaps the most difficult decision in my life," according to Google-translated comments published by Russian state news agency Tass.

"In a difficult hour for the Motherland, this is not the time to fragment the forces of the people. All national patriotic organizations of Russia, all nationally oriented citizens of Russia need to unite around the candidacy of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, who is today the national leader," Baburin was quoted as saying.

Putin has already collected enough signatures — at least 300,000 collected from 40 regions of Russia — in order to stand as an independent candidate in the election. He's expected to win easily, with non-systemic opposition figures routinely harassed and silenced.

So far, there are four candidates registered for the polls, including Putin. An anti-war candidate, Boris Nadezhdin, must submit signatures to the electoral commission by the deadline on Wednesday. It's uncertain whether he has met the bar.

The Kremlin said last week that it did not consider Nadezhdin as a serious rival to Putin.

— Holly Ellyatt

The Kremlin, asked on Tuesday about potential U.S. strikes on Iranian interests, said tensions in the Middle East were high and that steps were needed to de-escalate rather than destabilise the wider region.

U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin on Monday vowed the U.S. would take "all necessary actions" to defend its troops after a deadly drone attack in Jordan by Iran-backed militants, even as President Joe Biden's administration stressed it was not seeking a war with Iran.

"We do not welcome any actions that lead to destabilisation in the region and increase tensions, especially against the backdrop of the excessive potential for conflict," Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters.

"We will not welcome the continuation of such actions, regardless of who they come from. The level of tension is high now and we need to take steps to de-escalate. This is what will prevent the conflict from spreading."

Russia enjoys increasingly close ties with Iran at a time when its ties with the United States are at their lowest level since the 1962 Cuban missile crisis over what Moscow calls its "special military operation" in Ukraine.

— Reuters

The West's belief that Russia could invade the Baltic nations, Sweden and Finland after Moscow's so-styled "special military operation" in Ukraine, is absurd, Russia's foreign minister said Tuesday.

Discussing the situation in Ukraine with the heads of diplomatic missions, Sergei Lavrov ridiculed Western concerns that Russia could go on to invade other former Soviet states, like the Baltic countries of Latvia, Lithuania or Estonia, or its neighbor Finland or Sweden. The latter two countries have either joined NATO or are expecting to gain membership.

"The mentality is [that] everything related to Ukraine must be used to inflict, as they say, a strategic defeat on Russia," he said, according to Google-translated comments reported by Russian state news agency Tass.

"They directly say: 'If Russia wins and defends its interests in this war, then the Baltic states, Sweden, Finland will be next'," Lavrov added.

"The absurdity of such statements is clear to everyone, to anyone who understands history in the slightest degree and understands the goals that we openly, without hiding, announced regarding the special military operation in Ukraine."

Lavrov repeated claims made by Russian President Vladimir Putin and other Russian officials that Ukraine was a historical part of Russia, and that Ukrainians and Russians are "one people." He also reiterated that NATO intended to threaten the security of Russia.

NATO denies such accusations.

"We are eliminating historical injustice," Lavrov said, adding that "we are eliminating attempts not only to rewrite the history of the peoples of our country ... [but to] turn the modern territories on which Russians and other peoples of Russia have lived for centuries into a springboard that NATO, led by the United States, would use to threaten the security of the Russian Federation."

Kyiv rebuffs Russia's historical claims, as it looks to restore its territorial integrity and independence following Russia's invasion.

— Holly Ellyatt

Absurd to believe Russia will invade other countries, Moscow says; Kyiv says it has destroyed Su-34 jet