Gold settled close to $1,500 per ounce on Friday, a drop of more than 20 percent from its record 2011 highs, putting it in bear market territory for the first time after 12 years of gains.
Gold hit a low of $1,493.35. The metal was heading for a 5.3 percent decline this week, its third such drop in a row and biggest since December 2011. Gold is now some 22 percent below the record peak hit in September 2011 at $1,920.30. Spot gold was last trading 3.8 percent lower at $1,501 an ounce.
An unexpected contraction in U.S. retail sales, which hurt stocks and supported the dollar on Friday, added to pressures building in the course of the week from several factors, including a draft plan for Cyprus to sell bullion and outflows from exchange-traded gold funds.
U.S. gold futures also hit their lowest since July 2011, with gold for June delivery falling to a low of $1,491.40 an ounce before recovering to settled $63.50 lower at $1,501.40 per ounce.
"The scale of the decline has been absolutely breathtaking. We tried to rally and that just didn't get anywhere... there hasn't been any downside support, it's like a knife through butter," Societe Generale analyst Robin Bhar said.
Precious metals sold off across the board with silver the biggest faller, down 5.1 percent. Other commodities also came under pressure, with Brent crude oil hitting an eight-month low.
"We've broken the key support level (around $1,535-40 per ounce) — that's 20 percent below the $1,923 Comex all time peak —so we're now into a bear market," Bhar said.
A European Commission assessment of what Cyprus needs to do as part of its European Union/International Monetary Fund bailout showed earlier this week it is set to sell its excess gold reserves to raise around 400 million euros ($525 million).
(Read More: Cyprus Central Bank Denis Plan to Sell Gold)
While Cyprus' gold sale in itself is small, heavily indebted euro zone nations such as Italy and Portugal could find themselves under increasing pressure to put their bullion reserves to work as a result of its plan.
(Read More: Why a Cyprus Gold Sale Isn't Being Taken Seriously)
"If Cyprus can break the gold market, then (there are) many reasons to be worried, with Slovenia, Hungary, Portugal, Spain and Italy in line," Milko Markov, an investment analyst at S.K. Hart Management, said. "It is a make-or-break moment for gold ... if the market can't handle the reallocation and Cyprus, then there is really a need for a bear market."
Long-Term Trend Support Breached
Gold's losses accelerated sharply when it fell through key support at $1,521 an ounce, its December 2011 low. That formed the base of the broad sideways trend channel it has held within since its drop from record highs in September 2011.
A fall below this key area of support could signal further losses are on the way, according to analysts who study past price patterns for clues on the future direction of trade.
Commerzbank said in a weekly technicals report that a break through this level was "medium term bearish" and could lead to the 200-week moving average at $1,434.15 being eyed.
Wary investors continued to cut exposure to gold, with total holdings at the world's major bullion gold-backed exchange-traded-funds (ETFs) falling to their lowest since early 2012.
Holdings of the largest fund, New York's SPDR Gold Trust fell a further 2.1 tonnes, or 67,710 ounces on Thursday, after a 17-tonne outflow on Wednesday.
"Investors are still cautious and you see that looking at the continued ETFs outflows," Standard Chartered analyst Daniel Smith said.
Financial market watchers are awaiting the outcome of a two-day meeting in Dublin beginning on Friday. Euro zone finance ministers there said the necessary elements are now in place to launch national procedures to endorse a 10 billion euro bailout fund loan for Cyprus.
Silver was down 4.8 percent at $26 an ounce. Spot palladium was down 2.6 percent at $709 per ounce, while spot platinum was down 2.7 percent at $1,491 an ounce.