As Sweden's Nordic neighbors look to reopen borders and lift travel restrictions, worries over Stockholm's relaxed approach to the coronavirus has increased concerns that it could be excluded from those plans.
Sweden's Foreign Minister Ann Linde said Tuesday the EU had cautioned against discriminating when opening borders, and that any decision to exclude the country from an agreement between the Nordic states would be problematic.
"It is a very complicated issue, and I think that all politicians in every country should also look at the long-term effect before they take very politically motivated decisions," she told reporters at a briefing in Stockholm, according to Reuters.
Linde's comments came after Cyprus said it would not permit direct flights from Sweden when it opens up on June 9, but would allow inbound flights from Norway, Denmark and Finland.
There is a nervousness over Sweden because, unlike its neighbors and most of Europe, it kept much of its public and social life open as the coronavirus spread throughout Europe in late February and March.
The government allowed Sweden's bars, restaurants and schools for under-16-year-olds to remain open. It did ban mass gatherings and visits to elderly-care homes, which have seen acute outbreaks of the virus, and advocated social distancing, working from home and good personal hygiene.
The strategy has been attracted global attention and some criticism. Data shows that the country of around 10 million has recorded 34,440 cases and 4,125 deaths. This is far higher than its Nordic neighbors, which each have populations of around 5 million each; Norway has recorded 235 deaths, Denmark has recorded 563 deaths and Finland has reported 312 deaths.
Allowing for different testing regimes and attributions of the cause of death, according to ourworldindata.org, Sweden's daily confirmed Covid-19 deaths per million inhabitants on a rolling seven-day average stood at 4.68 on Tuesday, higher than the total for the U.K. (at 4.46) and the U.S. (at 3.40) as well as Russia and Brazil, which all have the largest numbers of confirmed coronavirus cases in the world.
Nervous neighbors
Given the data, it's perhaps not surprising that Sweden's neighbors are cautious about the reopening of borders and lifting of travel restrictions, although essential travel, such as for work, has continued between the countries throughout lockdown, albeit at a lower level.
Finland is set to decide on lifting travel restrictions on or by June 14. It is not commenting on other countries' strategies, the Foreign Ministry told CNBC when asked for comment, but pointed to Finland's explicit strategy to prevent the spread of the virus in the country and told CNBC "it is monitoring the corona situation very carefully and is ready to react quickly if the situation suddenly gets worse."
Norway's Ministry of Justice and Public Security told CNBC on Wednesday that by June 15, consideration will be given to permitting leisure travelers from the Nordic countries to enter the country and that by July 20, permitting such entry from other nearby European countries will also be considered.
Denmark's Foreign Ministry told CNBC that, as of Monday, the country was "expanding the possibility for travelers from the Nordic countries and Germany to enter into Denmark."
"It will be possible for residents from these countries to travel into Denmark if they have a worthy purpose for entering, which can now also include (visiting) grandparents, grandchildren, partners, ownership of a vacation residence in Denmark or if they are undertaking business travel to Denmark," the ministry said in a statement to CNBC. On May 29, the Danish government will present a plan for a controlled and gradual revision of the temporary border controls and travel advice for the summer period, the ministry added.
Like its neighbors, Denmark was tight-lipped on its neighbor, saying: "Unfortunately, we can't comment further on the situation in Sweden." Sweden itself has told its citizens not to travel abroad until July 15 unless absolutely essential.
Defense of the strategy
With global attention on Stockholm's approach, the foreign minister defended the country's more laissez-faire approach, which has been led by its Public Health Agency and chief epidemiologist Anders Tegnell.
"Transmission is slowing down, the treatment of COVID-19 patients in intensive care is decreasing significantly, and the rising death toll curve has been flattened," Linde told reporters, insisting that while "there is no full lockdown of Sweden ... many parts of the Swedish society have shut down."
Tegnell has defended his strategy too, telling CNBC on April 22 that Stockholm was heading toward herd immunity "within weeks," although an official study released last week showed that only 7.3% of Stockholm's inhabitants had developed Covid-19 antibodies by the end of April.
The country's former chief epidemiologist, Annika Linde, who oversaw Sweden's response to swine flu and the SARS epidemic, said earlier this week that the country's approach to the epidemic, one aiming at herd immunity, had been mistaken.
"I think that we needed more time for preparedness. If we had shut down very early ... we would have been able, during that time, to make sure that we had what was necessary to protect the vulnerable," Linde told Britain's The Observer newspaper on Sunday.