The euro proved broadly resilient on Monday to Greece's moving one step closer to an exit from the single currency, helped by intervention by the Swiss National Bank and investors concluding that the situation in Athens still has some way to run.
The common currency, which traded as low as 1.89 percent overnight against the greenback, turned positive during Monday trading. It was last up 0.63 percent at $1.11253.
A Greek official on Monday said Greece will miss a $1.77 billion debt repayment to the International Monetary Fund due on Tuesday, after the country's European partners shut the door on extending a credit lifeline.
Greece Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras announced bank holidays and other capital controls to keep banks from collapsing under the weight of mass withdrawals.
But though the euro initially fell sharply in response, to as low as $1.0956 as investors displayed a "complete lack of panic" over Europe's single currency, as Rabobank senior currency strategist Jane Foley put it.
"If people were questioning the whole coherence of the EMU, then they would want to get out of the euro. The euro's resilience suggests that people don't believe that the EMU will fall apart, even if Greece exits," Foley said, highlighting a move into safe-haven German Bund yields as evidence that investors are not pulling out of European assets completely.
"Maybe the market doesn't believe that a Greek exit could create the type of contagion that it would have done a few years ago. But if there is a no vote at the weekend, that theory will be tested."
Foley also said that worries over Greece made the euro less attractive as a funding currency for carry trades, in which investors borrow the euro and then sell it to buy higher-yielding currencies, and that therefore was lifting it.
Despite the relative calm, the cost of hedging against sharp swings in the euro against the dollar over the next week, which covers the period of Greece's referendum, jumped to its highest in over five years, reflecting concern that volatility could escalate.
Earlier, the Swiss franc, which tends to appreciate at times of market uncertainty, had traded at a four-week high of 1.0315 francs per euro. But it came off those highs as the Swiss National Bank said it intervened in the market to weaken it, and was last trading down at 1.0401 francs.
"The Swiss authorities want the euro/Swiss back up at 1.30, let alone where we are now," said Neil Mellor, a currency strategist at Bank of New York Mellon in London.
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The yen, also a popular safe-haven currency, was down 2.06 percent against the euro at 137.74. It had earlier surged to a four-week high of 133.80 yen as investors initially fled to safety.
Given relatively low liquidity as investors cut their euro positions, Bart Wakabayashi, head of foreign exchange for State Street Global Markets in Tokyo, said the euro's drop so far did not suggest any panic selling in the foreign exchange market.
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"It's been surprisingly orderly, as the reaction was expected because of the headlines over the weekend. It could have been much uglier," he said.