Shares in Thailand, already weakened by volatility in emerging markets over the past few months, are taking a hit from a new foe: forgiveness.
Protesters have once again taken to the streets of Bangkok after lawmakers sent the country's Upper House of parliament a draft bill offering political amnesty to protesters, politicians, state agencies and protest leaders charged with crimes related to unrest since the 2006 coup which ousted then-Premier Thaksin Shinawatra.
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While the SET index recovered a bit Tuesday, tacking on more than 1 percent by midday, it is still down more than 5 percent over the past two weeks, leaving it essentially flat year-to-date. Foreigners have sold a net 2.55 billion baht, or around $82 million, worth of shares so far this month, and around THB107.8 billion worth of shares year-to-date.
By way of comparison, the Thai market's daily volume has hovered around THB30 billion to THB40 billion for the past few trading days.
Since the 2006 coup, the country has periodically been rocked by protests by pro-Thaksin "Red Shirts," who occupied Bangkok's central business district, or CBD, in 2010 and anti-Thaksin "Yellow Shirts," who managed to shut down Bangkok's airports during 2008 protests.
"(Investors) fear that the situation will escalate into something uncontrollable like the airport closure and the CBD protest," said an analyst at a regional brokerage; he requested that he not be named. "It's not a very good scenario for tourism and investment," he said, noting tourism is the currently the main driver of Thailand's economy.
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If passed, the bill would likely allow Thaksin to return to Thailand without facing jail time from his conviction for abuse of power. There are also concerns it might allow former Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva and his former deputy, Suthep Thaugsuban, to seek immunity from prosecution for murder for authorizing the use of live ammunition to disperse protesters in 2010; more than 90 protesters were killed in the 2010 anti-government demonstrations.
"The worst-case scenario for the stock market is for the bill to go through the House and become a law. We would expect the protests to intensify and the market to react negatively," said Nithi Wanikpun, an analyst at Nomura in Thailand, in a note. "Tourist arrivals, despite the seasonal fourth-quarter peak season, could be affected by political activities on the streets."
He noted that even if the bill passes, it may be nullified by the Constitutional Court on several grounds. "We believe this is the best-case scenario for the stock market, as in our view it would help alleviate the short-term political concerns," he added.
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Another Nomura analyst, Alastair Newton, added, "the current situation appears to us to be volatile and unpredictable, with a non-negligible probability of further degeneration and the possibility of intervention of some sort by the army. Furthermore, heightened political risk could, we believe, persist for a protracted period."
In the event the Upper House doesn't approve the bill, Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, the sister of former Premier Thaksin, could call a snap election, Newton said in a note. "Election campaigning too is potentially a generator of civil unrest, especially in the current febrile atmosphere."
Even before the latest political tension, Thailand's market faced a series of headwinds.
"Other than hopes of a rise in export demand, there is little in the pipeline by way of upside to the outlook. In contrast, downside risks abound, from consumption and investment, both of which seem to have peaked for the time being, to uncertainty about the government's much anticipated THB2 trillion infrastructure investment program," Taimur Baig, chief economist at Deutsche Bank, said in a note, adding the latest economic data "make for grim reading."
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He expects Thailand's economic growth to come in below 4 percent for the year.
Deutsche Tisco Investment, Deutsche Bank's Thai unit, set a 1420 year-end target for the SET index, suggesting little in the way of upside. The index is trading around 1407.
"Thailand's star has lost its luster for now," Baig said.
—By CNBC's Leslie Shaffer; Follow her on twitter @LeslieShaffer1