Market Insider

China has now become the biggest fear for markets

More opportunities as China opens up: Mobius
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More opportunities as China opens up: Mobius

Stocks are at record highs, the VIX is at a 10-year low, and while investors are relieved the French presidency did not go to an anti-euro candidate, new risks are filling the void.

Topping the list of market worries is China, which has been on the back burner for months now. Some weaker-than-expected data, however, has put a spotlight on the country's economy.

Last week, PMI manufacturing data showed signs of slowing, and China's trade data overnight was weaker than expected, with misses both on imports and exports. Chinese inflation data was due Tuesday.

"I'm more concerned about the risks stemming from a China slowdown," said Jeff Kleintop, Charles Schwab chief global investment strategist.

Commodities have sold off on concerns. Copper was down about 3 percent last week amid concerns about China, and off another 1.4 percent Monday. It was steadier on Tuesday.

"Some of this might be some warning signs that China could be the next thing that would throw the market a curve ball," he said. If the Chinese economy loses so much steam that its currency weakens a lot, and commodities continue to sell off, it could be a negative for other markets

"The government has slowed down on infrastructure spending, thinking private sector spending would pick up and offset it. I'm just worried rising interest rates, tighter conditions and some new down payment requirements could nip that in the bud," Kleintop said.

China President Xi Jinping is expected to consolidate his power later this year at the party congress in November. "Now that the political hatches are battened down, the main risks in the world today are still deflation, not inflation. A significant slowdown in China could be deflationary," said Paul Christopher, chief international investment strategist at Wells Fargo Investment Institute.

Christopher added, however, that China has responded to signs of weakness and market sell offs, as in August 2015, by easing credit and stepping back from reform, when necessary.

"For a long time, China was a high impact, low probability. Now the near term risk of a slowdown has a higher probability but probably a lower impact," he said. "Slowdown does not mean financial disruption."

China growth is on target: Mobius
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China growth is on target: Mobius

He said the rest of the world is stronger and would hold up much better now than a year or two ago. "The Chinese have shown if they get into reform and the economy slows, they are able to moderate the speed of reform in order to maintain stability. They are not so gung ho on reform that they want to risk the stability of the markets," Christopher said.

China's Shanghai index has been under pressure but it closed slightly higher Tuesday. Chinese officials have created some of the angst themselves. They have been trying to squeeze excess from the financial system with a wave of regulations that have rippled through markets. Xi has called for financial stability and warned finance officials not to miss a single "hidden danger."

"It's just another liquidity spigot that's slowing down. It is certainly having an immediate economic impact in China, and I think it's a big deal," said Peter Boocvkar, chief market analyst at Lindsey Group.

Some of the other risks around China have eased however. President Donald Trump has said he would not call China a currency manipulator, as he vowed to do when he was running for office.

"I think Xi has been very cautious in reacting to anything Trump has said," said Kleintop. "I think China's won any meeting they had with Trump or Trump officials. So far they've been coming out on top."

Christopher said China's economy is a bigger worry if the U.S. does not follow the reflation policies laid out by President Trump when he won the election. Markets have become skeptical of how quickly tax reform can be enacted, especially since the Senate plans to come up with its own health care bill.

"The unknown, unknowns are still out there. The VIX is quite low. The market is near a record high, and could we get a blip that causes a pull back? If it doesn't affect the economic recovery, our advice is still to buy," said Christopher.

The S&P 500 Monday eked out a 0.09 point gain, closing at a record 2,399.38. It was trading higher Tuesday.The VIX, which is the CBOE, Volatility Index, was down another 1.4 percent Tuesday morning after falling 7.6 percent Monday to a 10-year low of 9.77.

China is also clearly a key in potentially resolving tensions over North Korea's nuclear program. Investors were watching for any activity from North Korea ahead of South Korea's presidential election Tuesday. The front-runner there, Moon Jae-In has signaled a more conciliatory tone toward North Korea, and a less friendly stance on the United States.

"Geopolitical risk is one of those black swans where you can't predict the timing. You just watch. In the case of North Korea, what we're watching more carefully is whether there is another nuclear test," said Christopher. "That seems to be the red line President Trump has drawn and it's not clear what arrangements he's made with the Chinese...I really think they would have worked something out, in the event there's another nuclear test."

He said it's unclear if either China or the U.S. would act without alerting the other.