Airline fuel efficiency on transatlantic flights has improved by one percent a year since 2014 as carriers modernized their fleets, but the industry still lags its own climate goals, a study released on Wednesday said.
The industry's average fuel efficiency improved to 34 passenger kilometers per liter of fuel from 33 between 2014 and 2017 as carriers opted for modern aircraft with lower fuel burn and operated fuller planes, the study from the U.S.-based International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) said.
Airlines have been switching to more fuel-efficient planes to mitigate the impact of high oil prices on their margins.
The aviation industry has also set a non-binding goal of capping emissions from international flights at 2020 levels, despite rising passenger traffic as demand for global travel climbs.
According to the study, budget carrier Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA, was ranked first of 20 transatlantic carriers for fuel efficiency, while British Airways, part of the International Airlines Group, came in last.
British Airways on Wednesday said its fuel efficiency per passenger "appears lower," because on such routes the carrier has a "greater share of the premium market," which has fewer seats.
"We are well on course to deliver a 25 per cent improvement in carbon emissions reduction by 2025," the carrier said in an emailed statement.
In 2010, the Montreal-based International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) set a goal of 2 percent annual fuel efficiency improvement through 2050 for all international flights.
Airline trade group International Air Transport Association (IATA) expects an average improvement in fuel efficiency of 1.5 percent per year on all international flights from 2009 to 2020.
While the study only looked at transatlantic flights, the ICCT said airlines will have to become more efficient to meet industry goals.
"New policies to accelerate investments in more fuel-efficient aircraft and operations are critical if industry is to meet its long-term climate goals," said Dan Rutherford, aviation program director for the U.S.-based independent non-profit research organization.
The study compared the fuel efficiency of nonstop passenger flights between North America and Europe by 20 major airlines, following a similar study conducted in 2014.
Starting Jan. 1, 2019, most airlines flying international routes will begin monitoring their fuel and carbon emissions as part of a landmark agreement brokered two years ago by the ICAO.
According to industry figures, air transport accounts for 2 percent of global man-made carbon emissions.