Window-washing robots are working on Manhattan skyscrapers

• Skyline Robotics' window-washing robot, Ozmo, has worked on major Manhattan buildings in partnership with the city's largest commercial window cleaner Platinum and real estate giant The Durst Organization.  
• The machine is part of a new wave of technology that can replicate human work.
• Skyline Robotics has been working on the robot since 2017.

Skyline Robotics is disrupting the century-old practice of window washing with new technology that the startup hopes will redefine a risky industry.  

Its window-washing robot, Ozmo, is now operational in Tel Aviv and New York, and has worked on major Manhattan buildings such as 10 Hudson Yards, 383 Madison, 825 3rd Avenue and 7 World Trade Center in partnership with the city's largest commercial window cleaner Platinum and real estate giant The Durst Organization.  

The machine is suspended from the side of a high-rise. A robotic arm with a brush attached to the end cleans the window following instructions from a LiDAR camera, which uses laser technology to map 3D environments. The camera maps the building's exterior and identifies the parameters of the windows.  

"What the LiDAR is actually doing as the basket is descending is sort of painting itself a picture of the facade that it's facing," President and Chief Operating Officer Ross Blum said. 

Although the Ozmo is controlled by a human operator at the top of the building, Blum said the robot could be operated fully remotely. 

"That person, other than regulation, doesn't actually have to be there for our sake," Blum said. "We could, in theory, remote-control Ozmo from different parts of the world." 

Reverse osmosis removes contaminants from the water, hence the name Ozmo. According to Blum, this makes the cleaning process more efficient. 

"We don't need a separate squeegee and a separate brush to get a perfectly clean window," he said. "It's one motion."

The current cost of the Ozmo is approximately $500,000, which has a three-to-five-year payback for building owners, according to Skyline Robotics board member and Platinum CEO James Halpin. 

A changing workforce 

The machine is part of a new wave of technology that can replicate human work. In recent months, artificial-intelligence innovations such as ChatGPT have dominated headlines, prompting questions about employment vulnerabilities in customer service, writing and computer programming gigs.  

A 2020 report by the World Economic Forum states that 85 million jobs will be displaced by 2025 due to the "robot revolution," but that 97 million jobs requiring "reskilling and retraining" will be generated.  

Jobs in maintenance and construction, such as window washing, were ranked as having a "medium" share of tasks — 30% to 70% — susceptible to automation, according to a 2016 study by the Brookings Institution.  

Platinum's Halpin said his company was interested in supporting the Ozmo because of a worker shortage in the field of high-rise window washing. 

"Currently, we are experiencing a labor shortage in all real blue-collar fields in New York City," Halpin said. "We could hire another 20% just to keep up with the current work that we have at this point." 

Both Halpin and Blum said their goal eventually is not to replace human workers, but to "retrain and reassign" window washers to operate the technology. 

But logistically, the Ozmo cuts down on the amount of people needed to clean a building from a team of three to four human window washers to one operator.  

The Ozmo has some window washers, such as Jose Nieves, a 23-year veteran of the industry and window washer at Rockefeller Center, concerned about their livelihoods. He believes the dangers of window washing are overblown and that human labor should be preserved.  

"Of course, there are dangers with our profession, but we are skilled, trained workers who take those risks very seriously much like many dangerous jobs that exist in this country," Nieves said. "Are there no possible dangers associated with a robot operating heavy equipment hundreds of feet above people's heads?" 

Nieves is represented by the SEIU 32BJ, the property service union for many of the workers on the East Coast. According to the organization, there are 500 to 550 unionized window washers in New York City who earn $31.69 per hour during the peak summer season.  

"As a society, we should not be cutting costs on the backs of workers," Nieves said. "I would say we have been doing a great job without these robots. Don't fix it unless it's broken." 

Robot-human collaboration 

A growing legion of futurists, such as senior research associate at Harvard's Labor and Worklife Program Aleksandra Przegalińska, study how humans and robots can collaborate, and specifically how machines can take on tedious or dangerous tasks for humans. 

Since the Ozmo technology is so new, she said it's hard to fully evaluate, but the opportunity to shift human labor away from a dangerous field is appealing. 

She cites one example when machines, such as the Moxi, were deployed to deliver medication to infected patients during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic.  

"Certainly, in those areas where your health, your existence is at risk as a human, using a machine, a robot is something worth considering," Przegalińska said. 

Skyline Robotics has been working on the robot since 2017 and the company raised $6.5 million in its pre-Series A funding, in addition to a grant from the Israeli government. In total, it has raised $12.9 million to date and wrapped up a $3.35 million funding round Aug. 7, according to a press release from the company.

Correction: An earlier version of this story misstated Ross Blum's title and the amount of money Skyline Robotics has raised. He is the president and chief operating officer, and it has raised $12.9 million to date.