European stock markets closed mixed Tuesday, with investors seemingly in a holding pattern after a serious bout of market volatility.
The pan-European Stoxx 600 index closed flat, with many sectors having pared the early morning's strong gains.
European markets
Banks saw a 0.7% uptick, restoring gains from earlier in the session, with Credit Suisse climbing 0.7% and UBS up 1.7%. Deutsche Bank regained some earlier losses but still closed 1.6% lower following recent volatility.
In a memo seen by Reuters on Monday, UBS Chief Executive Ralph Hamers reportedly said of the bank's recent Credit Suisse acquisition: "While we did not seek this transaction, we were prepared, and we see it as an opportunity to accelerate our firm's growth story. We did not buy Credit Suisse only to close it."
Policymakers and central bank officials have continued to stress the banking system is not heading for a crash, though jitters remain.
Charles-Henry Monchau, chief investment officer at Syz Group, told CNBC's "Squawk Box Europe" investors were beginning to reassess the view that interest rates hikes are good for banks because they mean higher net interest margins, instead factoring in that sharp rate rises would hit the weakest links of the economy, where banks may "pay the price."
Factors keeping nerves on edge include U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen's statement last week that she cannot give a blanket guarantee for all bank deposits; perceived vulnerabilities in the U.S. corporate real estate sector, where 80% of loans are held by regional banks; and UBS and Credit Suisse facing a U.S. justice department probe, said Nancy Curtin, global chief investment officer at AlTi.
Beyond banks, European sector gains included mining stocks, which closed 1.4% higher, and oil and gas, up 1.8%. Tech stocks fell 1.3%.
Asia-Pacific markets closed mixed on Tuesday as investor fears over recent banking sector turmoil continued to show signs of easing.
U.S. stocks dropped slightly as an uptick in rates put pressure on the indexes. The Nasdaq shed about 0.8%, while the S&P 500 dipped 0.3%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average hovered above the flat line.