Feeling ripped off? How to resolve disputes with a broker or financial advisor

• Simply losing money in markets is not actionable. However, if investors do feel they've been defrauded there are several avenues of action they can take.
• The most common complaints against brokers and advisors are misrepresentation and unsuitability.
• Complaints can be filed with the SEC, FINRA, and state and industry regulatory bodies.

There's no way around it: Losing money feels awful, and when losses start to stack up, it's human nature to start looking for somebody to blame. For many investors, the obvious culprit is a broker or financial advisor. Here, we focus on possible disputes with your financial professional and how to deal with these problems.

When you entrust your money to a financial professional, he or she has a duty to perform to a certain standard. In other words, as an investor, you have a number of rights. The North American Securities Administrators Association details your entitlements in its Investor Bill of Rights. Odds are, if any of these rights have been declined by your broker or advisor, you might have a case.

PeskyMonkey | Getty Images

When you invest, you must take on some risk, against which no law or regulation can provide protection.

When you invest, you have the following rights (according to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority):

• To ask for and receive information from a firm about the work history and background of the person handling your account, as well as information about the firm itself.
• To receive complete information about the risks, obligations and costs of any investment before investing.
• To receive recommendations consistent with your financial needs and investment objectives.
• To receive a copy of all completed account forms and agreements.
• To receive account statements that are accurate and understandable.
• To understand the terms and conditions of transactions you undertake.
• To access your funds in a timely manner and receive information about restrictions or limitations on access.
• To discuss account problems with the branch manager or compliance department of the firm and to receive prompt attention and fair consideration of your concerns.
• To receive complete information about commissions, sales charges, maintenance or service charges, transaction or redemption fees, and penalties.
• To contact your state or provincial securities agency for any the following reasons: to verify the employment and disciplinary history of a securities salesperson and the salesperson's firm, to find out if an investment is permitted to be sold and to file complaints.

An important point is that simply losing money on an investment doesn't mean you can sue your advisor for bad advice. Remember, nowhere in the Bill of Rights does it say that investors are guaranteed a return. Markets are risky by nature. When you invest, you must take on some risk, against which no law or regulation can provide protection. You should file a complaint only if you believe you've been defrauded — simply losing money isn't enough.

More from Investor Toolkit:
With investment risk, don't keep up with the Joneses
Despite bad rap, annuities are worth another look
Two health-care sectors worth watching

According to FINRA, the most common complaints against brokers and advisors are misrepresentation and unsuitability:

• Misrepresentation — falsehood or omission of facts in relation to an investment. This is a classic case of a client believing he or she was told one thing and then finds out after the fact that what he or she understood to be true was not the case.
• Unsuitability — when a financial advisor or broker invests a client's money in a security that is not suitable for the customer's investment objectives. An example of this is an advisor investing large sums of money in high-risk securities for a person who is 75 years of age and has a low risk tolerance.

If you think that you have a legitimate dispute with your broker or advisor, there are a couple steps you can take. If your complaint is against a stockbroker, you need to file a dispute with either the Securities and Exchange Commission or FINRA.

Many financial professionals are members of a charter organization (you can usually tell by the acronyms after their name.) These organizations also have standards and codes of ethics, so it's worth lodging a complaint with them, as well. For example, if your complaint is against a certified financial planner, you can file with the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards. If it is against a chartered financial analyst, you can contact the Association of Investment and Research.

Contacting your state or provincial securities commission is another avenue to take. Each state or province has a division that handles complaints against brokers, advisors and financial planners.

If these options don't work, your final course of action is to hire an attorney.

The best way to avoid unscrupulous or fraudulent brokers is to do your homework beforehand. Always check the background of the firm and broker or planner for any disciplinary problems in the past. Ask the planner about his or her investment style and what style they feel would be best for you.

Asking these questions not only gives you a better understanding of the broker, but gives you something to fall back on if you feel that your money has been placed in investments that do not coincide with your original objectives.

Securities regulators in the U.S. have made most of this information relatively accessible through the Central Registration Depository, a disciplinary and employment database available from NASD Regulation. On the Finra BrokerCheck website, you can perform online searches for certain information and request that a detailed report be sent to you.

Finally, perhaps the most important thing an investor can do is be honest. If your broker or advisor suggests an investment that you don't understand, say so. An honest and credible advisor is one who will spend the time to ensure that you fully understand an investment beforehand.

(Editor's Note: This article originally appeared at Investopedia.com.)

— By Investopedia Staff